Quantum BioPharma Ltd is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative therapies for neurodegenerative inflammatory metabolic and alcohol misuse disorders. Its primary activities include advancing the drug candidate Lucid MS for multiple sclerosis and licensing the unbuzzd™ formulation for alcohol misuse relief.

The company currently generates revenue mainly from royalty payments received under its licensing agreement with Unbuzzd and Celly U. S. for sales of unbuzzd™ branded products. Historically it also earned interest income from residential mortgage loans through its FSD Strategic Investments subsidiary but that portfolio was sold by the end of 2025.

The company operates through the following segments: Biopharmaceutical Operations, FSD Strategic Investments, and Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Investments.

• Biopharmaceutical Operations: This segment focuses on the research and development of Lucid MS a first in class non immunomodulatory drug for progressive multiple sclerosis and on the alcohol misuse product candidates including the retail formulation unbuzzd™ and a healthcare formulation for hospital use. It also includes work on FSD PEA and Lucid PSYCH although development of the latter is currently on hold.

• FSD Strategic Investments: This segment formerly managed a portfolio of residential mortgage loans secured by real estate in the Greater Toronto Area. During the year ended December 31 2025 the entire loan portfolio was sold to a corporation owned by the company's chief financial officer and the segment no longer holds any loans or related obligations.

• Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Investments: The company holds a diversified treasury of digital assets including Bitcoin Solana Ethereum XRP Sui and Chainlink which it treats as financial assets and a potential medium of exchange for future transactions. It also engages in staking of certain tokens to earn rewards and uses cryptocurrency holdings to support working capital and strategic initiatives.

Within the biopharmaceutical industry Quantum BioPharma Ltd positions itself as a niche developer of first in class mechanisms for multiple sclerosis and alcohol misuse treatment. Its Lucid MS candidate competes with established immunomodulatory therapies from larger firms such as Roche Novartis and Sanofi but offers a distinct approach targeting hypercitrullination of myelin. The company's competitive advantages include its proprietary patent portfolio exclusive licensing rights for unbuzzd™ and a diversified treasury that provides financial flexibility.

The company's customers include hospitals and healthcare providers that may adopt its future MS therapy and alcohol misuse healthcare product. Retail consumers purchase unbuzzd™ through convenience stores liquor stores drug stores and online platforms such as Amazon. Licensing partners Unbuzzd and Celly U. S. distribute the unbuzzd™ product and generate the royalty revenue that supports the business.