Biglari Holdings Inc. is a holding company that owns subsidiaries engaged in diverse business activities including property and casualty insurance and reinsurance, licensing and media, restaurants, and oil and gas.

The company generates revenue from restaurant sales and franchise fees, insurance premiums, oil and gas production sales, and licensing royalties. Its customers include diners, franchisees, policyholders, energy buyers, and brand partners.

The company operates through the following segments: Restaurant Operations, Property and Casualty Insurance and Reinsurance, Oil and Gas, and Brand Licensing.

• Restaurant Operations: This segment operates Steak n Shake and Western Sizzlin brands, managing 435 units comprising 131 company operated restaurants, 179 franchise partner units, and 94 traditional franchise units for Steak n Shake, plus three company operated and 28 franchise units for Western Sizzlin.

• Property and Casualty Insurance and Reinsurance: This segment provides commercial truck insurance through First Guard, garage liability, commercial property and homeowners policies through Southern Pioneer, and reinsurance capacity via Biglari Reinsurance Ltd. in Bermuda.

• Oil and Gas: This segment explores and produces oil and natural gas through Southern Oil's offshore Louisiana properties and Abraxas Petroleum's wells in the Permian Basin.

• Brand Licensing: This segment, led by Maxim, generates revenue by licensing brand names and related intellectual property to third parties.

In the restaurant sector, the company competes with numerous national, regional, and local chains on price, convenience, service, menu variety, and product quality, leveraging the nostalgic appeal of Steak n Shake and Western Sizzlin. In insurance, its subsidiaries face competition from large national carriers and regional specialists but differentiate through niche products such as commercial truck insurance and direct response distribution. The oil and gas operations compete with major integrated firms and independent producers, relying on localized assets to mitigate price volatility. In brand licensing, Maxim contends with other licensing firms, benefiting from its established portfolio of trademarks.

The restaurant segment serves individual diners and franchise entrepreneurs; the insurance segment provides coverage to truckers, garage owners, and homeowners; the oil and gas segment sells production to refineries, marketers, and other energy companies; and the licensing segment partners with manufacturers, retailers, and media companies seeking to use its brands.