Columbia Banking System, Inc. operates as a registered financial holding company providing banking and financial services through its principal subsidiary, Columbia Bank. The company delivers a broad range of banking, private banking, mortgage, and related financial services to corporate, institutional, small business, and individual customers across multiple states in the western United States. Columbia Bank functions as an Oregon state-chartered commercial bank with deposits insured by the FDIC. The company’s operations are concentrated in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington.

Columbia Banking System, Inc. generates revenue primarily through interest income from loans and leases, along with fee-based income from various financial products and services. Core revenue streams include commercial lending, treasury management and payments solutions, deposit services, wealth management offerings, residential real estate loans, and consumer loans. The company earns interest on interest-bearing accounts and charges fees for services such as merchant processing, cash management, and financial advisory. Revenue is also derived from loan sales into the secondary market while retaining servicing rights on many originated loans.

The company operates through the following segments:

• Commercial Banking: This segment provides specialized loans for corporate, middle market, and small business customers, including commercial lines of credit, term loans, accounts receivable and inventory financing, international trade finance, commercial property loans, multifamily loans, equipment loans, commercial equipment leases, real estate construction loans, permanent financing, SBA program financing, and capital markets. Columbia Bank offers treasury management and payments solutions through its Global Payments & Deposits group, featuring business digital and mobile banking, ACH, wires, positive pay, remote deposit capture, integrated payments, integrated receivables, lockbox, cash vault, Real-Time Payments via The Clearinghouse, commercial card, fraud prevention solutions, open application programming interfaces, foreign exchange, trade and supply chain finance, and international banking-related products. Merchant services are offered in coordination with a strategic partner.

• Wealth Management: As a division of Columbia Bank, the Wealth Management team provides a full suite of financial planning, investment, trust, insurance, and private banking solutions to individuals, families, and businesses through Columbia Wealth Advisors, Columbia Trust Company, Columbia Private Trust, and Columbia Private Bank. The team delivers personalized service through dedicated financial advisors using an approach centered on the three stages of the wealth cycle: grow, preserve, and transition. These services are designed to meet the financial needs of clients seeking long-term wealth preservation and growth strategies.

• Retail Banking: This segment serves individual and small business customers through deposit products including non-interest-bearing checking accounts, analyzed business accounts, interest-bearing checking and savings accounts, money market accounts, insured cash sweep and other investment sweep solutions, and certificates of deposit. Interest-bearing accounts earn rates set by management based on competitive market factors and the goal of increasing certain deposit liabilities. The approach focuses on delivering a streamlined and differentiated experience across all channels to add value for customers and generate related fee income.

Columbia Banking System, Inc. holds a meaningful presence in the competitive banking industry, particularly in its primary market areas of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington. The company competes with traditional banks, credit unions, mortgage companies, fintechs, and online financial service providers. Major national banks generally hold top market share positions in these regions, while Columbia Bank maintains strong rankings in Oregon (2nd) and Washington (5th) by deposit size as of June 30, 2025. The company differentiates itself by combining the financial sophistication of a regional bank with the service level of a community bank, emphasizing full banking relationships and localized decision-making.

Columbia Banking System, Inc. serves a diverse customer base including corporate clients, middle market businesses, small businesses, institutional entities, and individual consumers. The company’s customer relationships span across its retail branch network, digital platforms, and private banking channels. Specific customer types include first-time homebuyers participating in the Legacy Builder Program, tribal members accessing housing programs through HUD Section 184, and small and middle market businesses surveyed in the Columbia Bank Business Barometer Report. The company also works with nonprofit organizations through its Community Impact Fund and sponsorship programs.