Capital One Financial Corporation is a diversified financial services holding company with banking and non-banking subsidiaries. It operates as a global payments provider and diversified financial institution delivering a broad array of financial products and services to consumers, small businesses, and commercial clients through digital channels, branch locations, cafés, and other distribution channels. Its principal operating subsidiary is Capital One National Association. The company is one of the nation’s largest banks based on deposits and the largest issuer of credit cards in the United States based on outstanding credit card loan balances as of December 31, 2025.

Capital One Financial Corporation generates revenue primarily from lending to consumer and commercial customers net of funding costs associated with deposits, long-term debt, and other borrowings. It also earns non-interest income consisting of discount and interchange income net of reward expenses, and service charges and other customer-related fees. Revenue is derived from credit card products, debit cards, bank lending, treasury management, depository services, auto loans, consumer lending products, personal loans, and services from the Global Payment Network which includes the Discover Network, PULSE Network, Diners Club International, and Network Partners.

The company operates through the following segments: Credit Card, Consumer Banking, and Commercial Banking.

• Credit Card: Consists of domestic consumer card lending, personal loans, domestic small business card lending, and international card businesses in the United Kingdom and Canada.

• Consumer Banking: Consists of deposit gathering and lending activities for consumers and small businesses, national auto lending, and services offered by the Global Payment Network.

• Commercial Banking: Consists of lending, deposit gathering, capital markets, and treasury management services to commercial real estate and commercial and industrial customers, typically serving companies with annual revenues between $20 million and $2 billion.

Capital One Financial Corporation operates in a highly competitive environment across all business segments. Its Credit Card business competes with international, national, regional, and local issuers of Visa and Mastercard credit cards, as well as American Express, private-label card brands, and to a certain extent, debit card issuers. Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking compete with national, state, and direct banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, automotive finance companies, commercial banking companies, and other financial services providers. Following the acquisition of Discover, the company now competes in the global payments industry against traditional competitors and emerging alternative payment providers. Competitive advantages include product quality and range, transaction execution, innovation, price, and for payment network businesses, the strength, reach, pricing, and capabilities of network offerings to merchants, acquirers, and issuers.

The company serves consumers, small businesses, and commercial clients across the United States and internationally through its operations in the United Kingdom and Canada. Its customer base includes individual consumers, small business owners, and commercial entities such as companies in the commercial real estate and commercial and industrial sectors with annual revenues typically between $20 million and $2 billion.