Tennessee Valley Authority (NYSE: TVC)

Tennessee Valley Authority is a corporate agency and instrumentality of the United States that was created in 1933 by federal legislation. It was established to improve navigation on the Tennessee River, reduce flood damage, promote economic development in the southeastern United States and sell the electricity generated at its facilities. Today TVA operates the nation's largest public power system and supplies power to a population of approximately ten million people. In addition to power generation TVA manages the Tennessee River and its tributaries to provide year round navigation, flood damage reduction, affordable and reliable electricity, recreational opportunities, water supply, water quality improvements, cultural and natural resource protection and economic development.

TVA generates revenue primarily from the sale of electricity. In 2025 electricity sales totaled $13.5 billion and accounted for virtually all of the corporation's revenue. The majority of electricity is sold wholesale to local power company customers which are municipalities and cooperatives that then resell power to end users at retail rates. TVA also sells power directly to large commercial and industrial loads and to federal agencies with electricity demand exceeding five thousand kilowatts. Additional revenue streams include wheeling and transmission charges, sales of excess steam from power production, delivery point charges, renewable energy certificate sales and other ancillary goods or services which together represent about one percent of total operating revenue.

TVA holds the position of the nation's largest public power system and operates within a legally defined service area that limits competition from other electric providers. The service area is bounded by the fence provision of the TVA Act and the anti cherrypicking provision of the Federal Power Act which restrict other utilities from using TVA's transmission system to serve customers inside the region. Competitors include other regional utilities and emerging distributed energy resources but TVA benefits from a low cost generation mix long term contracts and its status as a government owned entity that can issue debt but not equity. Competitive advantages include reliable low cost rates a diversified portfolio of nuclear natural gas coal hydroelectric and solar assets and long standing relationships with local power companies.

TVA's customer base consists mainly of local power company customers made up of municipalities and cooperatives. As of September 30 2025 TVA had wholesale power contracts with 153 such entities. The two largest LPCs are Memphis Light Gas and Water Division and Nashville Electric Service which together accounted for about seventeen percent of total operating revenues in 2025. TVA also provides power directly to large commercial and industrial customers and to seven federal customers including U. S. Department of Energy facilities and military installations. These direct served customers contributed roughly nine percent of TVA's total operating revenue in 2025.